Serology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Serology - Research Paper Example The DNA can be a very powerful source of evidence. However, there are debates about the uses serology has been put to and in recent years these debates have become more rancorous. One of the most radical transformations in evidence collection in recent years in the criminal justice system is the use of DNA. Considered by some to be a silver bullet, conclusively proving guilt, DNA’s significance can be hard to defend against and may create an insurmountable burden for an innocent defendant. It is documented that there is a high level of error in laboratories, and it is possible for DNA samples to be switched. This is an important consideration when evaluating the uses of serology. An accident like this combined with circumstantial evidence would almost certainly result in a guilty verdict. Likewise, sophisticated criminals have been known to plant false DNA evidence at the crime scene in order to shift attention away from themselves. This are important things to keep in mind when considering

The four basic management strategies to compete internationally Essay

The four basic management strategies to compete internationally - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that marketers have to find ways and means to identify continuous demand and match the demands with the products and services which they are best at the offering. If the demand has saturated then marketers need to identify unmet needs and demand and create demand. In fact, marketing opportunity is being able to identify unmet needs or create new demand. The globe presents a plethora of new markets with a host of unmet needs and demands and hence implying a host of opportunities. Globalizing an organization’s operations can be generalized by saying that an organization seeks to enter new markets. Yet entering new markets means committing the limited resources required to produce a targeted return on the investment which could have been put to other marketing decisions each having their own return on investments, or we may also say that globalization has its opportunity cost. Thus organizations usually decide to globalize their operati ons when they foresee a sufficient profitability in assigning their limited resources to foreign market(s) higher than the expected rate of return from other marketing decisions. Ansoff’s grid clearly juxtaposes the decision to enter new markets with other marketing decisions. The strategies which an organization adopts to compete globally depends on many factors such as: Its objectives, competitiveness, resources, products, and services. The attractiveness of the foreign market. The cost of entering the market.

Narrowcasting Is A Term Media Essay

Narrowcasting Is A Term Media Essay Narrowcasting is a term which means it spreading information or signal to a particular audience. It usually used by radio or television. In old time people use broadcasting to disseminate information to general public but now narrowcasting is more preferable because it can narrow media messages at specific segments of the public. Narrowcasting, in other word which is called niche marketing, through proprietary equipment and encryption it become easier to reach target audiences. The examples of narrowcasting are cable television, satellite radio and internet. We have chosen Astro as the example of narrowcasting in Malaysia. All-Asian Satellite Television and Radio Operator also called as Astro is a Malaysia direct broadcast satellite (DBS) Pay TV service. Astro service was launched on 1 June 1996. It owned and operated by Astro Malaysia Holdings Berhad, a leading integrated consumer media entertainment group in Malaysia and Southeast Asia. Astro is used to transmit satellite television and radio to the households in Malaysia and Brunei. Astro has provided 156 TV channels, including 68 Astro-created and branded channels and 22 HD channels. Household with Direct-To-Home satellite TV, Internet Protocol television (IPTV) and Over-The-Top platforms (OTT) can enjoy this service. Pay TV as mentioned just now is a kind of linear broadcast channel which only available for customer who paying an additional subscription fee. People are allowed to select particular channels and watch it on their television for a fee. Astro has become media preference for advertisers due to the media message can be spread out more a ccurately to target audiences. Discussion Astro subscribers can access to hundreds of channels worldwide through Astro channel. Astro channel has the ability to receive and send broadcast signals using satellite technology, this increases the possibilities of gaining access to channels from other countries like HBO, ESPN, CNN and so on, audience will not restricted to the channels on cable network and they can expose to more worldwide information. For example, during football match and Olympic season, Astro will open a lot of sport channels like Astro Super Sport, Astro Super Sport 2 and 3, Astro Arena and so on. Astro subscribers can enjoy the different live matches with high-quality audio and picture. They able to know the updated live score of the team they supported. Besides watching on the television screen, Astro subscribers also able to watch live football matches through smartphone, tablet or computer through Astro On-The Go web. For those viewers who cant watch the program on time, this is good news for them, they c an watch the live matches through their smartphone or tablet. Advertising on narrowcasting is effective, marketing experts are often interested in narrowcast media as a commercial advertising tool, since access to such content implies exposure to a specific and clearly defined prospective consumer audience. Advertisers can better target by identifying particular demographics viewing such programs their markets. For example if the energy drink company Red Bull wanted to target 18-25 year old action sport athletes, they can purchase commercial time on sports channel of Astro like ABOS, thus making their message more valuable by marketing to a concentrated audience. In this advanced digital era, most of the people having at least one smart technology device in their living lifestyle. Smart mobile devices have become the most basic device that people using every day. To bring a non-stop entertainment for Astro valued customers, Astro has introduced a new service for them which is Astro-On-The- Go. Astro-On-The-Go provides an application for Android devices, Astro customers just need to install this application from Android market, and so they can enjoy by watching Astro channels at anywhere or anytime. There are four main features of this innovative service. It provides 19 Astro channels for subscribers. When you feel boring at somewhere else, Astro-On-The-Go can bring a lot of entertainment for you. You will be able to watch latest news, educational and entertainment programs to pass the time. Secondly subscribers are may catch out the programs they missed. Astro-On-The-Go has given a chance for them to choose the program from their TV subscript ion package. Third, Pay per View service is available for subscribers to select TV program from a library on anytime. Lastly, subscribers are able to watch live events regardless of where they are. They are never missing out any live sport, live concert or others live events by using Astro-On-The-Go service. In addition, Astro-On-The-Go has bringing advantages for advertisers. Because of smart mobile device could be one of the device that people attached the most in daily life, advertisers can spread out their messages to target audiences easier and more effectively. There are number of gain of Astro channel however, miss are also there. The only miss of Astro is weather distraction. Due to the reason of Astro channel works on digital signals, weather is playing a very important factor for its operation. When bad weather is happening, it could interrupt the signal of receiving Astro channel. Viewers will loss the connection and thus they are going to miss out their TV programs. Satellite dish are located at outdoors, it becomes susceptible to malfunction as a result of weather conditions like snow, very strong winds and lightning. Medium (Astro) Audience Message Message ` Audience Medium (Astro) Feedback There is a relationship between Astro channel, message and its audience. Astro disseminate the message or information to the audience through different channels. For example, Astro channels consist of different categories like entertainment channel, news channel, knowledge channel, HD channel, music channel, sports channel, premium channel, kids channel and radio channel. Through these different types of channels, audience can receive the latest information of entertainment, news, music, sports. For example, for news, audiences are able to know the latest news or information through CNN or BBC which are worldwide. Audiences are able to know the latest news from other country instead of only the news of their own country. For entertainment, audience can get to watch the latest Hong Kong drama through Astro On Demand. Besides for those audience who love to watch English movies can watch their favourite English movies through HBO. All the Astro subscribers are active audience. Active audience is the one that who actively engages with the text, they do not simply accept every media message. They will question what they see and develop their own interpretation of a media product based on their life experiences, education, family and cultural influences. Audience become gatekeepers and decides on what they want to know. For example, Astro subscribers will choose the channel they are interest and pay for it. Besides that, audience can look for further sources of information from their friends, families, through internet, books, and so on instead of only depends on the information sources from television. They can also stop consuming particular media content by simply switch the television off. This will prevent channel hopping. Audience and Astro are having two-way communication. The audiences will also giving feedback to the medium which is Astro. For example, Astro subscribers can make a complaint through Astro hotline if there is any problem faces. This feedback is useful for Astro to improve their services in the future. In addition, the act of Astro subscribers vote for their favourite candidates in Astro Talent Quest singing competition through mobile phone short message service (SMS) shows that they are having two-way communication. This can help to improve the interaction between Astro and its audience.

Terrorism Essay: American Gestapo :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

American Gestapo A land that calls itself the "Beacon of Freedom and Democracy" has strange ways of demonstrating the accuracy of this claim. Tuesday its leader signed an executive order to the defense department that allows suspected terrorists to be tried by US military courts in US or abroad (provided the suspects are not US citizens). The orders are said to include people who have "aided or abetted" terrorists or those aiming to "to cause injury to the United States, its citizens, national security, foreign policy or economy." "It is not practicable..." it says, to apply "...the principles of law and the rules of evidence generally recognized..." The military tribunals will be allowed secret, closed hearings and can sentence suspects by a majority of two thirds of the judges (US officers of the armed forces). Same majority is needed to give the verdict of execution. No appeal is possible. First we have the interesting fact that even though the "Declaration of Independence", so hallowed by US of A, says that "all men are created equal" it seems very clear that to the present regime US citizens are "more" equal than non-citizens. Secondly, the notion that US arrogantly claims the right to set up military tribunals on foreign soil, secretly or not, to try foreign nationals, is an outrage to all democratically minded people around throughout world with more than the faintest notion of legality and justice. Thirdly the sweeping powers of the tribunals will be on a scale inviting the police fascist state to emerge without much to stop it. The Gestapo in Nazi Germany had those kinds of powers. There was no appeal to verdicts and decisions were made in secret by people there to "defend" the state against "terrorists" and other enemies. In combination with all the other anti-terrorist laws (and secret orders), that have been signed by the US president, its defense Secretary and Secretary of Justice, that discard like wasted stationery many amendments in the Bill of Rights (wiretapping, spying, searches, detention etc), this order adds to the undermining of the foundation of legality in a way that can be used by unscrupulous men to limit the freedoms of citizens in pursuing their own agenda. Gestapo didn't discriminate between nationals and non-nationals, btw. It is not unknown that certain states have decided, usually after meetings with some high-ranking military or politicians, to execute people considered to be a danger to the nation, the system or the regime. Terrorism Essay: American Gestapo :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics American Gestapo A land that calls itself the "Beacon of Freedom and Democracy" has strange ways of demonstrating the accuracy of this claim. Tuesday its leader signed an executive order to the defense department that allows suspected terrorists to be tried by US military courts in US or abroad (provided the suspects are not US citizens). The orders are said to include people who have "aided or abetted" terrorists or those aiming to "to cause injury to the United States, its citizens, national security, foreign policy or economy." "It is not practicable..." it says, to apply "...the principles of law and the rules of evidence generally recognized..." The military tribunals will be allowed secret, closed hearings and can sentence suspects by a majority of two thirds of the judges (US officers of the armed forces). Same majority is needed to give the verdict of execution. No appeal is possible. First we have the interesting fact that even though the "Declaration of Independence", so hallowed by US of A, says that "all men are created equal" it seems very clear that to the present regime US citizens are "more" equal than non-citizens. Secondly, the notion that US arrogantly claims the right to set up military tribunals on foreign soil, secretly or not, to try foreign nationals, is an outrage to all democratically minded people around throughout world with more than the faintest notion of legality and justice. Thirdly the sweeping powers of the tribunals will be on a scale inviting the police fascist state to emerge without much to stop it. The Gestapo in Nazi Germany had those kinds of powers. There was no appeal to verdicts and decisions were made in secret by people there to "defend" the state against "terrorists" and other enemies. In combination with all the other anti-terrorist laws (and secret orders), that have been signed by the US president, its defense Secretary and Secretary of Justice, that discard like wasted stationery many amendments in the Bill of Rights (wiretapping, spying, searches, detention etc), this order adds to the undermining of the foundation of legality in a way that can be used by unscrupulous men to limit the freedoms of citizens in pursuing their own agenda. Gestapo didn't discriminate between nationals and non-nationals, btw. It is not unknown that certain states have decided, usually after meetings with some high-ranking military or politicians, to execute people considered to be a danger to the nation, the system or the regime.

Mark Twain and His Use of Humor

Samuel Clemons became known to the world as Mark Twain the man of satire and humor.   Through his humor, he entertained the world during his lifetime and he has continued to entertain for generations.   Practically everyone found him funny, but not everyone understood his biting satire.   His subtly in itself was humorous.   Twain was known toward the end of his life as â€Å"the man in white.† He wore an all white suit and with his shock of white gray hair and he would lecture or perform in front of a black or dark background.   His image, when he performed, was a contrast between good and evil, just like his humor was funny on one level and piercing on another.   It has not needed the careful, retrospective estimate that a great writer's death usually brings to his works for the reading public to have come to the conclusion years ago that SAMUEL L. CLEMENS measures up to a vastly more complex figure in literature than the mere â€Å"funny man† that his first and amazingly popular achievements in authorship seemed to make him. (Changing Humor) Mark Twain was exposed to humor from an early age.   He was brought up in Hannibal, Missouri on the banks of the Mississippi River.   The location of his upbringing was an important aspect of his life.   Steamboats made regular stops daily in Hannibal.   This brought a variety of visitors to the town.   Many of those visitors had interesting and humorous stories to tell and Twain was always ready to listen.   Most of the humor that he came in contact with were from the men who worked on the steamboats.   They would gather by the local stores and the river bank to talk and enjoy a smoke.   The young boys of the town found it the highlight of all of their entertainment to hang out around the men and listen to their stories of wild adventures laced with incidents that were funny. There were those who thought that Twain was funny because he was ignorant, but they were mistaken.   Twain's repeated professions of innocence or ineptitude in literary craftsmanship are not to be believed. (Horn)   He was an entertainer as well as an author.   Audiences enjoyed Twain’s delivery of his own stories as they did reading themselves.   He saw many flaws in society, and he knew that writing articles and lecturing people about these vices would only turn them away. However, when laced with humor, people were much more likely to listen, and then internalize the message.   In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the social injustices of child abuse, slavery, feuding, and hypocrisy in religion are told in such a way that the reader is amused as well as shocked at the atrocities. He wrote that Huck, on his decision not to turn in Jim, a runaway slave, that he would go to hell if the only way that one could enter heaven was to accept that a man could be owned by another person. Between 1876, when he began Huckleberry Finn, and 1884, when he completed it, Twain suffered a series of personal and financial disasters from which he never recovered.   A short list would include: the loss of close friends, a drastic break with his publisher, financial troubles running to bankruptcy, ruinous involvements with various patents he had acquired; a bitterly disappointing return to the Mississippi River, Hannibal, and boyhood scenes; and the beginnings of chronic ill health for the four deeply loved female members of his family. (Bercovitch)   Yet with all of the pressures of life he still used humor in his writing. Twain made use of the newly settled Southwest as the outset of his career.   Using dialect and the regional setting as a tool for humor was just one way that he entertained his readers. The genre that developed originates from the politics and oral histories of a burgeoning region– full of fire and out to prove itself to the world. This enthusiasm manifests itself in bawdy, violent, and predominately masculine portrayals of the world of the Southwest. Yet beneath the savagery of the stories, there is an effort at realism and regional descriptions that had not been attempted previously. (Price)   He was able to take them to a place that seemed to move at a slower pace, and where the â€Å"city slicker† with all his education was no match for the common sense of the frontiersman.   This is notable in the story The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County, where the narrator from the city is taken and made out the fool by an older uneducated man in a country store. Southwestern humor was not the only way that Twain displayed his humor.   He did not feel the need to limit himself by only writing regional literature.   In A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court, the Yankee is an idealist who believes that when transported back in time, that technology and reforms in the church could change the morality of the world.   The naivety is presented in a humorous way, but people were forced to look at morality instead of only focusing on technology. The short story Luck displayed quite humorously the intelligence of military leaders.   While the story is set in England, the purpose was to question leaders in all countries.   He tells the reader that the man being honored as a brilliant military leader is really a fool.   The narrator is a minister so he should be believable.   He lets us in on the secret that the man has only made all of his heroic and brilliant actions were actually foolish blunders and mistakes. In Twain’s later years his humor changed.   He suffered tragedies that would shake anyone.   His humor transformed into bitter satire.   While in Europe, he received word that his favorite daughter, Susie had meningitis.   By the time he and Olivia, his wife, returned to America, Susie had died.   This devastated him, and he never really recovered from his grief. A few years later, Olivia died.   He threw himself into the care of his epileptic daughter, Jean.   Unfortunately, Jean had a seizure and drowned in her bathtub.   Mark Twain had lost most of his family and was a broken man.   After the suffering he went through in such a short amount of time could only affect his humor.   His anger toward God was the target of most of his satire. In his last work, The Mysterious Stranger, Twain chronicles the wanderings of Satan, the nephew of the famous Satan, on earth.   This work was a product of his bitterness at the loss of the beloved women in his life.   It was published six years after his death and was not completely finished.   However, it should only be natural that a person would change during the course of his/her life. Mark Twain will always be known to the public as a humorist.   He enlightened millions with his social ideas in a funny and entertaining way.   He brought many issues to life through an amusing little boy that made people think of days gone by.   He will continue to do so for many years to come.   Humor has changed drastically over the years.   Mark Twain’s writings are different from the humor today that relies on someone being hurt or frightened silly.   It is refreshing to see the work of a humorist with substance. Works Cited Bercovitch, Sacvan.   What’s Funny about Huckleberry Finn.   18, June 2007, http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1571/is_n27_v12/ai_18486848/pg_3 Changing Humor. 1920.   The New York Times. 18, June 2007, http://www.twainquotes.com/19200321.html    Horn, Jason.   Mark Twain: A Study of the Short Fiction Book Review.   Summer 1998.   18, June 2007, http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2455/is_3_35/ai_83585394 Price, Angel.   Southwestern Humor and Mark Twain.   18, June 2007, http://etext.virginia.edu/railton/projects/price/southwes.htm   

“A Day without Feminism” Response

After reading â€Å"A Day without Feminism†, I literally said aloud, â€Å"Wow, I’ve taken so many things for granted†. I’m pretty sure my roommate thinks I’m strange for this sudden outburst, but it really shocked me to see how far the women’s movement has taken our society in such a short amount time. In the last paragraph, the question is asked â€Å"Has feminism changed our lives? † The answer to that question is yes. I grew up attending a child-care center, playing in Little League, and taking the classes that everyone in my class took whether male or female. Nancy Drew and the Hardy Boys were what we liked to call â€Å"grandma† books. I won two softball State Championships on the varsity level. I took pre-calculus and calculus, while planning prom and decorating the gym. Girls and young women DO have sex while they’re unmarried (on a pretty frequent basis too). When I make a trip the gynecologist, she always tells me the side effects of my birth control choices. Rarely a day goes by without hearing of another girl who’s decided to explore the lesbian lifestyle. With this being said it’s clear the world I inhabit barely resembles the world these women were born into. Some of these situations that took place just under forty years ago seem completely outrageous. It’s really hard to believe women actually let things like this happen. Examples that stick out in my mind the most include women being â€Å"strapped down and lying down, made to have the child against gravity for the doctor’s convenience† and a woman going â€Å"under the knife to see if she has breast cancer† and â€Å"waking up to find that the choice (Halsted mastectomy) has been made for her†. The conditions of my childhood compared to things like this happening add an overall shock effect in this reading. Although there is such a large shock effect present, I do not feel as if Baumgardner and Richards wanted the shock to overwhelm the reader in a way that seemed outrageous, but they wanted make the reader realize that it would be unfair to consider these advancements as privileges. Privileges are advantages gained usually as a result of wealth or social status, not something fought hard to earn. It’s unfair that we (women) are constantly made to feel that we should be thankful for the social changes that have taken place over the last century. These rights should have never been an issue. They should’ve just been a part of our daily lives, as they were for males. Baumgardner and Richards ask the questions in the second paragraph â€Å"Is feminism dead? † and â€Å"Do we need new strategies? † I feel like the spirit of feminism isn’t dead at all. One milestone, which sticks out clearly in my mind as part of the feminist movement, took place just a short time ago. This milestone occurred around the time that Hilary Clinton entered herself into the race for presidency. It was one of those mountains a woman needed to climb and Hilary Clinton was the first do so. I’m definitely not trying to put Hilary Clinton on a high pedestal. I realize there are many other women who have done phenomenal things over the past thirty years, but it’s just one major example in the progress of feminism I have noticed in my short eighteen years on earth. To answer the second question, I don’t feel like the strategies need to be changed. With writings such as â€Å"A Day without Feminism† floating around and women running for presidency and vice-presidency, I have no doubt that feminism will remain alive until the ultimate goal has been reached. In conclusion, it is essential for us to see change is part of every history and culture. The feministic changes that have been made in the United States were necessary and there is still a lot left to do. After reading â€Å"A Day without Feminism† it’s clear to see our mothers and grandmothers worked hard to make sure we would we would someday reach an even plateau with men and it’s our job to make sure the same is true for future women raised in this country. We should celebrate our female foremothers who had the vision that we should have more. Women have fought for everything we have and we need to continue to the good fight so that one day women will no longer need to fight this fight.