Free Eric Schlosser’s Articles Essay

Free Eric Schlosser’s Articles Essay Eric Schlosser’s Articles Throughout the years, numerous individuals have been eating different sorts of food made by inexpensive food businesses. In any case, nobody has tried to discover where they originate from or the conditions wherein they are delivered. This paper gives an expository investigation of Eric Schlossers What We Eat, Chew on This: Everything You Dont Want to Know About Fast Food and Reefer Madness: Sex, Drugs and Cheap Labor in the American Black Market. They will sharpen perusers on the insider facts of cheap food organizations and the risks related with these well known items. Additionally, it gives a basic assessment of risky impacts of the bootleg market industry, which has been destroying devastation not exclusively to Americans yet to the whole total populace (Falconer 2009). These articles are so creative since they give a ton of significant data, which can sharpen the whole total populace on issues of concern. Above all else, Schlossers articles depend on logical exploration directed by gathering information from meetings and individual perceptions. He is a prestigious insightful columnist who has done various investigations in various zones. His works are adequate in light of the fact that he directs his examinations in an expert way. As an examination columnist, he utilizes his abilities to reveal underground business activities, which have been destroying destruction to Americans. In What We Eat, he reports about the perils related with quick nourishments He says that numerous individuals love this kind of food without understanding the suggestions related with its utilization. He says that the main inexpensive food organizations like McDonald's are not dedicated to moral sets of principles controlling such organizations. Their practices are demonstrating that they are not worried about the government assistance of their customers. Rather, they egotistically target making the most extreme conceivable benefit without thinking about the interests of their customer base. For example, they don't illuminate them about the fixings regarding these undeniably mainstream burgers and singed chicken. Additionally, they just make misdirecting advertisements which can't empower clients to find out about them. For example, they don't disclose to them why these nourishments are a lot better than some other food. He contends, Behind them lies a basic clarification for why eating a burger would now be able to make you genuinely sick: There is crap in the meat. this implies this kind of food can cause a great deal of medical issues. Schlosser declares that there are numerous perils related with this sort of food He says that individuals don't know about what they eat. Nonetheless, it is a similar food that characterizes their personality. He educates perusers that cheap food has been in American market since mid 1950s. Be that as it may, none of its clients has tried to find out about its source, suggestions, and threats related with it. The spread of BSE [mad dairy animals disease] in Europe has uncovered how mystery collusions among agribusiness and government can imperil the general wellbeing. It has demonstrated how the longing for benefit can overrule each other thought. These organizations just want to make benefits. Aside from extravagantly charging their customers, they come up short on their workers. He doesn't reprimand them for this uninformed conduct, however rather denounces fabricating firms, for example, McDonald's for hiding basic data from them. Actually, they will never tell anybody why they are progressively getting tricky, ravenous, and out of line both to their represent atives and customers. Such suppositions are rehashed in the Chew on This: Everything You Dont Want to Know About Fast Food, in which he affirms that cheap food industry has now attacked schools and toy enterprises. In this content, he utilizes a great deal of delineations, basic, clear, and exact language. He adopts on this strategy since he is focusing on kids as his primary perusers. The data about toys must be significant and bid to them since they are their principle clients. In the wake of doing his examinations, Schlosser reports that numerous youngsters have been utilizing toys without understanding anything about them. Since the market has increased, the most famous toy fabricating organizations, for example, McDonald's (which likewise happens to be the main cheap food maker), have chosen to attack cafés and learning establishments (Derdak, Jay 2004). These are puts through which they can without much of a stretch access youngsters and urge them to purchase their items. Regardless of getting acknowledgment, youngsters don't know about the wellsprings of these nourishments, where they are fabricated, who makes them, the conditions wherein they are created and the reasons why they taste so sweet. He proceeds to sharpen them about a portion of the things they may not be keen on about a similar food These incorporate how chicken and steers are ruthlessly butchered, cooked, and in the long run pressed before being provided to them in the market. For example, he says, And laborers who expected to go to the restroom weren't permitted to enjoy a reprieve. They had to pee directly on the slaughterhouse floor, close to meat that individuals would before long be eating. This is an away from of how untidy such plants are. They are not clean by any means. In any case, Schlosser stresses that such data can't be uncovered by any producer since it can harm the notoriety of their business. He instructs youngsters to be attentive regarding such nourishments and be so curious about them. Else, they might be the chief wellspring of medical issues, for example, heftiness and malignant growth. Truth be told, he recommends that Congress should boycott promoting that goes after kids, it should quit financing impasse employments, it should pass harder sanitation laws, it ought to shield American spe cialists from genuine damage, it should battle against perilous centralizations of monetary force. In conclusion, in Reefer Madness: Sex, Drugs and Cheap Labor in the American Black Market, Schlosser investigates the improvement of bootleg market in the USA. Because of the persevering deceptive practices, pornography, weed, and settler work has been unlawfully flourishing in the USA. This has influenced the USA, yet the entire world as a rule. He gives an account of how underground market has increased and powerful in the USA, yet in addition in different pieces of the globe. Its suggestions are felt by all individuals, including the individuals who don't by and by handle such items (Feige 2007). He reveals how cartels procure gigantic benefits from unlawful deals of explicit writing, illicit workers, and risky medications, for example, maryjane, heroin, and cocaine. These are on the whole ill-conceived and ought not be drilled. Despite the fact that the Government knows about them, it has not set up compelling measures to kill it unequivocally. Consequently, aside from denying it its income, it contrarily impacts the residents. Since bootleg market comprises 10% of the GDP, Schlosser emphatically suggests that it will be destroyed through whichever implies conceivable. He is directly for saying that An open objection normally covers a private fixation. Else, it will in any case be the significant wellspring of unethical behaviors like wantonness, burglary, theft, and viciousness, which are currently spreading to different corners of the world. In the above articles, Schlosser shows his composing ability Aside from utilizing a basic and clear language, he gives a broad report. As of now featured, it is a work of his examination, which he directed as a feature of his news coverage profession. The utilization of various wellsprings of gathering information including interviews, narrative investigation, and direct perceptions makes his work legitimate, definitive, and sound. His composing style fluctuates relying upon his objective. For example, in Chew on This: Everything You Dont Want to Know About Fast Food, where he was basically focusing on youthful perusers, he separates the book into segments, each covering a specific zone. Simultaneously, he utilizes various delineations, which empower perusers to imagine the fundamental message of the content (Carrigan, De Pelsmacker 2009). He gives applicable data, which is centered around tending to the situations of individuals in the general public. His examinations are broad and pertinent to the general public. As he clarifies, individuals are consistently what they eat. Notwithstanding, it is very sad that they don't have the foggiest idea what they eat. Thus, it is important to do a broad exploration to think about what they think about a sweet food. He completely divulges the manner in which cheap food makes use microscopic organisms and actuate food hues and flavors to their items in the lab. Obscure to the individuals, this effectsly affects their wellbeing. Definitively, these articles were appropriately composed on the grounds that they depend on an examination work They give thorough clarifications and confirmations, which make it legitimate and definitive. Eric Schlosser is a recognized researcher, who utilizes his composing ability to address pertinent issues influencing the general society. In spite of the fact that he utilizes various methodologies in his compositions, his messages are exceptionally clear and straightforward. He utilizes applicable and suitable models, which are useful in explaining his significant subjects. Numerous individuals have become misled as a result of absence of information. Be that as it may, obliviousness isn't a reason. These articles are so clever and are prescribed to anybody willing to decidedly change his life. They can stun, startle, illuminate, instruct, challenge, and challenge them.

Ice Hockey Vs. Roller Hockey Essay -- essays research papers

Regardless of the way that ice hockey and roller hockey both share the word hockey for all intents and purpose, there are outrageous contrasts between the two games. There are the conspicuous contrasts like one being played on ice and the other on a plastic surface, however huge numbers of the distinctions are just seen by individuals that have played the two games. As everybody knows, ice hockey is played on ice, which makes it a very high paced game. Dissimilar to ice hockey, Roller hockey is played on a plastic floor that comprises of numerous six-inch by six-inch tiles. The plastic floor makes roller hockey a much more slow paced game than ice hockey. The explanation that roller hockey is such a great amount of more slow than ice hockey is on the grounds that there is more contact. The erosion is created in the course of the wheels just as between the floor and the wheels. Turning, halting, and making parallel developments are amazingly simple to do on ice, however roller hockey is totally unique. In roller hockey there is nothing of the sort as making a tough maneuver or halting in a very small space, in light of the fact that the wheels simply slide out from underneath the player. The halting method for roller hockey is essentially equivalent to ice hockey, yet the player slides a little before going to a total end. On the off chance that a player happens to fall in ice hockey the individual in question just slides along the ice and more often than not it doesn't do any harm, however in roller hockey if a player falls on the plastic floor, it will hurt. At the point when players in roller hockey fall, they don't slide, it is to a greater extent a...

Why Mainstream Smoke Is so Harmful

Why Mainstream Smoke Is so Harmful Addiction Nicotine Use Smoking-Related Diseases Print Why Mainstream Smoke Is so Harmful By Terry Martin facebook twitter Terry Martin quit smoking after 26 years and is now an advocate for those seeking freedom from nicotine addiction. Learn about our editorial policy Terry Martin Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Sanja Jelic, MD on January 02, 2016 Sanja Jelic, MD, is board-certified in sleep medicine, critical care medicine, pulmonary disease, and internal medicine.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Sanja Jelic, MD Updated on November 25, 2019 peter zelei/Getty Images More in Addiction Nicotine Use Smoking-Related Diseases After You Quit How to Quit Smoking Nicotine Withdrawal The Inside of Cigarettes Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Coping and Recovery Mainstream smoke is the inhaled and exhaled smoke created while taking a puff on a lit cigarette. It is one of two components in secondhand smoke.  The second is sidestream smoke, which  is the smoke that wafts off the end of a lit cigarette. Whats in Mainstream Smoke? There are plenty of cancer-causing chemicals in mainstream smoke.  Some of them are: PAHs (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons)NitrosaminesCarbon monoxideNicotineAmmoniaAcroleinIsopreneBenzeneToluene The composition of mainstream smoke is affected by how the smoker inhales and exhales, so it will vary from person to person. The frequency of puffs, duration, and volume all contribute to the chemical makeup of mainstream smoke, as well. Differences Between Mainstream and Sidestream Smoke Sidestream smoke is more toxic than mainstream smoke for a couple of reasons that science has identified. 1) Incomplete burning. The temperature of a smoldering cigarette is approximately 400 degrees centigrade, and its closer to 900 degrees centigrade during a puff. Toxic chemicals  present in higher amounts because of incomplete burning are 2-naphthylamine, N-nitrosodimethylamine, 4-aminobiphenyl, and carbon monoxide.   2) Particle size.  Sidestream smoke contains smaller particles than mainstream smoke. These tiny toxic particles  are more easily absorbed deep in the lungs and other cells in the body, where they can contribute to cancer and other smoking-related diseases like COPD and heart disease. How Much Mainstream Smoke Is in Secondhand Smoke?   Surprisingly, the majority of cigarette smoke is sidestream smoke.  Just 15 percent of the smoke from a cigarette comes from mainstream smoke.  The rest â€" 85 percent â€" is due to sidestream smoke. Non-smokers breathing secondhand smoke  in an enclosed space are exposed to the worst of the toxins that cigarettes contain. Passive or involuntary smoking is the name given to breathing in cigarette smoke when youre not actively smoking yourself. Health Risks Breathing in mainstream smoke for the smoker means that they are also inhaling sidestream smoke lingering in the air. There is no way to breathe in one  without the other.  So, the risks we look at are due to secondhand smoke, a combination of the two. Secondhand smoke is linked to a number of cancers, including: Lung cancerOral cancerEsophageal cancerStomach cancerLiver cancerBladder cancerPancreatic cancer And, as mentioned above, the toxins in cigarette smoke also increase the risk of COPD and heart disease.  Heart disease is the biggest killer of smokers. How to Protect Your Family From Secondhand Smoke While we cant control every environment we are exposed to, we do have authority over our own homes, where much of  the secondhand smoke exposure for kids happens.  Make yours smoke-free, and do the same with your cars. This will help you and those you love to avoid the dangers of secondhand smoke and another dangerous by-product of tobacco smoke, thirdhand smoke. As the Surgeon General stated    in the 2006 report of the Surgeon General,  The Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke,   There is no safe level of exposure to secondhand smoke. It is toxic air and should be avoided at all costs. Quit Smoking Sooner Rather Than Later Dont put it off and dont be afraid.  Nicotine addiction twists our thoughts  and makes us think we cant live without cigarettes, but the opposite is true. Once youve recovered, youll see how much better life is without the ball and chain of addiction dragging along behind you day in and day out.

Today, The United States Illustrates Many Circumstances

Today, the United States illustrates many circumstances of race in which a group of a given descent is discriminated against solely based on their physical appearance, despite the high demand for â€Å"equality.† Linda Darling-Hammond states that â€Å"the color line divides [populations] still†¦ even in the 21st century† and will continue to divide people in future centuries (â€Å"Unequal Opportunity: Race and Education†). Some debacles of race include those of a minority population being targeted, however the opposite is true for those trying to become a part of a college or university. In the college application process, the federal government requires the administrators to ask which race the applicant is from on their college application, in order to†¦show more content†¦During one point of the the film, the two of them went separately to a job application center in which a white lady was working. To John, the lady was kind and had faith that h e would definitely fulfil her clients’ wishes for an employee without really knowing him, however, to Glen, she nearly immediately lectures him about how laziness is not acceptable and will do him no good, despite the fact that he was John’s â€Å"equal.† To show how many instances, big or small, of racism are exhibited, even today, a news article published by CNN, states that 49 percent of blacks and 18 percent of whites believe racism to be a â€Å"very serious problem† (â€Å"Poll: Most Americans See Lingering Racism-- In Others†), particularly in the college admissions process. Similarly, in the college this process, race is a large determiner affecting whether or not a person is going to be accepted into any given university, but on the contrary, whites face the hardship due to their lack of diversity. Whites, particularly males, have a harder time being accepted into prestigious colleges because the colleges have a strong desire for diversity in their student body, creating an easier, less rigorous academic standard for someone of aShow MoreRelatedThe Inequalities Of Food Deficiency And Poverty Essay736 Words   |  3 Pagesand Poverty: Throughout the noteworthy stories of impoverished communities within the United States of America, A Place at The Table attempts to illustrate the ordinary, yet demanding confrontations encountered by America’s disadvantaged class of citizens. Indeed, omnipresent statistical information, accompanied by the unfortunate inhumanity portrayed, demonstrates to the advantaged few and enlightens to the many, that there exists an alternative America and another alternative collection of Americans:Read MoreAnalysis of John Steinbecks Chrysanthemums and Shirley Jacksons The Lottery1500 Words   |  6 Pagesnot belong to his remaining body of work. The Chrysanthemums is often praised as John Steinbecks best short fiction; some fans and professionals rank it among the worlds greatest short stories. He wrote the story just a few years before the United States entered World War II. During this period in America, a great deal of the male population was occupied, mostly abroad, with militar y activities. Stateside, women picked up a great deal of the industrial and domestic slack while the men fought theRead MoreIs Israel’s Very Survival Dependent on the Creation of a Stable and Viable Palestinian State?748 Words   |  3 Pagessurvival dependent on the creation of a stable and viable Palestinian state? Let us have ambitions; ambitions to move beyond the violence and occupation, to the day when two states, Palestine and Israel, can live together side by side in peace and security. ~King Abdullah II. In the country of Israel there are two conflicting ethnic/religious groups, the Israelis and the Palestinians. 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Ethnic literature strikes a chordRead MoreThe Syrian Refugee Crisis Essay1304 Words   |  6 Pagesthat it was my responsibility to inform myself about political and cultural happenings, both domestic and abroad, to make myself a more well-rounded and involved citizen of the world. Today, this personal mandate manifests itself in incessant refreshing of news sites - a behavior that is only beneficial in circumstances in which I need to construct an argument regarding a specific current event. In the case of the Syrian refugee crisis, my interest stems from my fascination with the glaring hypocrisyRead MoreThe Health Of The Modern Health Care968 Words   |  4 Pagesto the prevention of disease, illness, and injury because it illustrates health dispositions on why some individual or population are in better health than another counterpart. HIV/AID is the population health issue I selected. About 1.2 million of people in the United States are living with HIV infection, and approximately 1 in 8 (12.8%) are unaware of their infection. HIV/AIDS disproportionately affects racial and ethnic minorities, many of whom are medically underserved. Our health status dependsRead MoreEssay about Human Trafficking in the United Kingdom1457 Words   |  6 Pagescontinuously growing around the world today because of traffickers who are using it as an easy way to make a profit. Victims of human trafficking feel as if they have no way to escape because they have limited ways to survive or m ake a good enough living to support themselves along with their families outside of the sex industry. Women, children and even men from time to time are taken before they get the opportunity to receive little if any education, at all. Therefore, many who could’ve gotten out of the

A Thanksgiving Guide for College Students

Thanksgiving break, for many college students, is an oasis in the middle of fall semester. Its a chance to return home and recharge. You can take a break from midterms and papers. For a lot of students, it might be their first chance to get some good food and spend time with old friends. Lots of students go home for Thanksgiving, but some stay on campus. Others head to a friend or roommates house to celebrate the holiday. No matter your situation, though, there are things you can do to make sure you squeeze every last drop out of the long weekend. Friends, Family, and Relationships Thanksgiving is nearly always about friends and family. And while every college student has a unique situation when it comes to their nearest and dearest, nearly everyone needs a little love around the holidays. Some families are less supportive than others. If you find being back home stressful, try planning to see friends or a trip to your favorite coffee shop. For many students, its the first chance they have to visit with friends from high school. If you had a large circle of friends, getting to see everyone you wanted to see might be hard. After all, the Thanksgiving break is only a few days, and most people will have some family obligations as well. Because of this, it is wise to try to plan group activities where you can spend time with as many of your old friends as possible. Dealing With Change If Thanksgiving is the first time youve been home since the start of college, you may have a hard time adjusting to being back. After months of the freedom to come and go as you please, having a curfew again might be hard to swallow. Things around your town have probably changed, too. You may have new interests and hobbies that you didnt have before, which your family may or may not approve of. Dealing with change isnt easy for anyone, including your parents. Try to approach the differences with an open mind. College is about moving from childhood to your adult life and its a process which is why you still have to follow your parents rules—but it wont be like that forever. Be patient when your parents start treating you like youre back in high school; they need time to adjust to their child growing up. When you start getting frustrated remind yourself its just a long weekend, youll be back at school before you know it. Dealing With Politics Its not uncommon for students to return home with new ideas or insight into the politics of the world. If your politics no longer align with your families, it could lead to some unpleasant conversations. Many people attempt to avoid discussing politics during the holiday but if thats not an option, view it as a learning experience. Ask your family members to explain their political beliefs to you. Even if you dont agree, allowing others to feel like theyve been heard can ease tensions. Its also easier to explain your beliefs when you have shown that you respect the other person enough to hear what they have to say. Heading Home Thanksgiving is one of the busiest travel times of the year, so knowing what to expect can prevent a fun trip home from turning into a travel nightmare. Knowing what to pack when heading home for Thanksgiving is half the battle. The other half is planning your route home. If youre in charge of purchasing your airline ticket, youll want to book it at least six weeks in advance. The Wednesday before Thanksgiving is one of the biggest travel days of the year, so youll want to avoid it if you can. If you have a class scheduled that day, talk to your professor about ways to accommodate your absence so you can leave earlier in the week. Dont worry if you forgot to buy your ticket home; there are ways to find last-minute student travel deals. If you do have to leave on Wednesday, leave early and be prepared to deal with travel delays and crowds. Staying on Top of Your Academics For most students, Thanksgiving falls either right before or right after midterms. So just because youre relaxing and hanging out with people over the break doesnt mean you can let your academics slide. While staying on top of your coursework is challenging, it isnt impossible. Thanksgiving is your first real chance to get to learn how to manage homework over a college break. Even if your professors didnt assign you anything over the break, you probably have a larger project or paper that you can work on. Remember, the end of the semester is really only a few weeks away. The time will pass faster than you think and saying you have to study is a great excuse to get out of an awkward conversation with extended family members.

Child and Adolescent Psychology Free Essays

What we have here Is a set of new parents who find themselves In this position, and although they have discovered two likely candidates for caregivers, they also have another concern that most families deal with; a budget. According to our assignment, day care 1 has everything a couple could want, whereas day care 2 meets the state standard, but is lacking In some of the more extracurricular areas. From our text we know that this state In a child’s life is very important, and that their development Is progressing at rapid rates, but Just how important are these extra items day care 1 has, compared to the minimum items provided by day care 2? They are both safe areas for children, the concern for the child’s safety isn’t an issue, but the parents really prefer the first day care over the second. We will write a custom essay sample on Child and Adolescent Psychology or any similar topic only for you Order Now So would money be best spent if they Just saved it for some other family need? Would the extra Items at day care 1 really make that big of a deference? According to our text you may be surprised by the answer, It seems babies do more Han just sleep all day, and even when they are just lying around, they are learning more than one might expect. There has been some debate about when an infant begins to recognize shapes and forms, but with no doubt we know that very young infants detect contours of visual stimuli, (like hair, or the chin), but not long after they begin to notice the internal patterns as well. Older Infants additionally Inspect and analyze the components of complex stimuli, scanning a variety of their visual properties and carrying out a much more deliberate, and focused search. Hat does this mean for day care option 1? It means that those painting on the wall that may just look like good decorations, or shiny objects, are actually developmental tools that can help infants practice their more organized observations. (Bugaboo, Child and adolescent development Chip 6, Pig 1 90) If we have learned anything through the endless debate of nature and nurture, It Is that the environment does play an important role in the development of people all throughout their lives. We also know that day care 2 has more children per caregiver ND that could be a concern for the new parents. Although there is debate between nature and nurture, both sides have agreed that both play a role in healthy development; day care 1 giving more attention per Infant could have more positive results. According to Erosion’s Stages of Psychosocial Development, babies must find consistency, premeditatedly, Ana relativity In tenet caregivers’ Detonators to gain a sense of trust and hope. We also know that Erikson believed that this process begins at birth and continues until about 1 year of age. With this information we can see why having few infants per care giver could be very beneficial to the new parent’s child, versus having that attention split between other infants. (Bugaboo, Child and adolescent development Chip 1, Page) Attachment is very important for humans and the more I read about it, the more it seems you only get one really good shot at it. Attachment is that delicate time when a child bond with it’s caregiver, usually a mother, but not limited to other people to a certain degree, and more one on one time given to the child is more time to assist the child in developing a healthy attachment. While this isn’t the primary goal of a day care center, it is still taking place, even if it isn’t consciously being practiced by the caregiver. With day care 1 we have more visual stimuli for the infant to observe, and more time with a caregiver, but what about the extra toys, and blocks lying around? Seniority stage (in Paginating theory), is the first stage of cognitive development, from birth to approximately two years of age, in which thought is based primarily on action. One specific part of the seniority diagram is the Coordination of Secondary Schemes, n which the infant is attempting to achieve a goal with their actions. This can be something as simple as finding Wald, or more likely, for an infant, finding a building block that is missing from the table. The more objects there are for the infant to interact with, the more objects there are for the infant to hone their skills on. With all of this in mind we can see that day care 1 offers the best opportunity for healthy development given the items which assist in cognitive, social, and physical developments. .mce-content-body .mce-resizehandle.wildfire-hover { background: rgb(0, 0, 0); }; .mce-content-body [contenteditable="false"] [contenteditable="true"].wildfire-hover { outline: rgb(122, 202, 255) solid 2px; }; .mce-content-body img.wp-media.wildfire-hover { background-color: rgb(237, 237, 237); border-color: rgb(114, 119, 124); };a[data-wplink-url-error], a[data-wplink-url-error].wildfire-hover, a[data-wplink-url-error]:focus { outline: rgb(220, 50, 50) dotted 2px; position: relative; }; How to cite Child and Adolescent Psychology, Papers

The Issue of Data Mining Free-Samples for Students-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Explains the role of Data Analysis tools and data Mining in Contemporary Organisations Identifies and Explains the Ethical Implications around gathering, storing and using Customer Information. Answer: Introduction Linoff, Berry, (2011) describe data mining (at times referred to as data or knowledge innovation) as the procedure of examining data from different viewpoints and summarizing it into expedient information one which can be employed to upsurge income, cut expenditures, or even both. Data mining software is among the common methodical tools used by analysts to analyze data. It enables operators to scrutinize data from various angles or dimensions, classify it, and summarize the identified relationship. Precisely, data mining is the process executed when finding correspondences or patterns amongst multitudes of fields in enormous relational databanks. Companies need to keep hold of a broad assortment of information on the business itself, clienteles, and staff members among other stakeholders. It is important to make sure that this information is well guarded and as safe as possible. Every organization holding its customer information should also be certain that it is complying with th e terms laid out by the responsible statutes such as theData Protection Act 1998. Methodology/ Design/ Approach Various scholars and authors have expressed their sentiments regarding the issue of ethical data mining. This research paper will extensively use their theoretical works to expound on this particular subject. Various hypothetical models, regulations and legislation from a broad array of jurisdictions as well as a collection of foundational philosophies were referred to while developing the theme of the study. This assemblage of foundational ideologies was assessed and refined through incorporation of respondents perceptions and the integration of moral as well as ethical dictums. These sources were methodically evaluated to expand on their contents with a primary aim of identifying the research gaps. Findings According to the viewpoints of various writers whose works were reviewed for this project, the importance of data analysis cannot be underestimated. In other words, no company can thrive in the current competitive business environment without analyzing the available data. Hellemans, et.al. (2007). support that efficient data analysis offers various benefits such as ruling out the human prejudice especially through appropriate statistical treatment. They add that these technical processes enable accountants and other specialists to break a macro picture of raw data into a macro one and thereafter obtain the meaningful comprehensions from the dataset. These arguments are sufficiently suggestive to conclude that data analysis is the helping hand of any corporation in the contemporary word. Whether an individual intends to arrive at some procedural decisions such as fine-tune innovative product launch tactic, data analysis as Hellemans, et.al. (2007). point out is the key to all the prob lems. However, it is worth noting that data analysis is accomplished through the use of various information technology tools such as Solver, WolframAlpha, Google Search Operators, NodeXL, RapidMiner, and KNIME among others. These IT tools enable organization members to manipulate, assess, and model data in an incredible manner for easier understanding and usage. As Banker, Charnes, Cooper, (2014) maintain, such analysis tools allow administrators to acquire huge quantities of searched data and analyze it to realize expedient patterns or correlations, which are then applied when predicting future behavior. In his work, York, Rosa, Dietz, (2003) argue that IT analytic tools continue to develop and ease the operations of every business entity regardless of its size with the overall objective of refining Business Intelligence (BI), augmenting decision investigation, and, more lately, endorsing connections with Business Process Management (BPM), also referred to as workflow. At the inception of his work, Witten, Frank, Hall, Pal, (2016)define data mining as the process of taking out data, examining it from different perspectives or dimensions, and then after generating a summary of the information in a valuable manner which categorizes relationships within the data.Ideally, there exist two forms of data mining, namely, descriptive, that provides information regarding present data; and predictive, the one which crafts predictions based on the available data. Dunham, (2006) suggests that a company data warehouse or a sub-divisional data store is inoperable especially if that data can hardly be subjected to work. One among the principal objectives of every analytic tool such as the ones discussed beforehand is to improve procedures which can easily be employed by average professionals in their occupations, instead of necessitating for advanced statistical familiarity or knowledge. Simultaneously, the data information and warehouse acquired from data mining and examination, requires being well-matched across a broad range of systems. Kasemsap, (2015) in his research paper expounds further on the role of data mining in business. According to his line of argument, data mining is mainly used at the present by organizations deemed to have a robust customer emphasis communication, financial, retail as well as marketing firms. It allows such corporations to define key affiliations amongst "internal" factors for example staff skills, product, positioning, or price, and "external" aspects such as competition, customer demographics, and economic indicators. Ultimately, it allows these companies to "drill down" into detailed summary information in order to view precise transactional data. Nevertheless, majority of the theorists do not culminate their arguments without mentioning the ethical implications around gathering, storing and using customer information. They maintain that it is imperative to ensure that stakeholders information is well protected and as safe as possible. Discussion As hinted in the previous section of this paper, the data gathering, analysis, and storing procedures ought to ascertain the safety of critical business information. Various individuals, associations, and regulation bodies in their materials acknowledge the significance of ethical practices while managing or handing data on consumers. Ferretti, (2014), for instance provides several ideologies of data protection. He sources eight principles from the Information Commissioners Office and according to him any existing corporation processing data should conform to them. Customer information must be honestly and legitimately processed It is should be used for limited purposes It ought to be satisfactory, applicable, and not excessive It should be accurate It should be kept longer than necessary It should be processed in line with the data subjects (for instance the customer) rights It should be secure It should not be transmitted to nations without sufficient protection In addition to the above guidelines, corporations must recognize the category of information they want to store and the reason behind the stowage. Lyon, (2003) emphasizes that they should be clear as to the nature of information they intend to keep on customers or prospective customers and why, For example any personal details such as name or address. This takes in information gathered by electronic means, for instance from e-commerce dealings. In other words, they must ensure that they take the information protection principles into consideration while stowing customer data. In addition, risk evaluation ought to be conducted to make sure that security schemes are in place to safeguard data. Organizations should improve confidentiality measures to uphold data security. For instance as Cohen, (2009) says it might be decided not to convey customer particulars over the phone; part of the safety scheme would be in making certain that all staff members are aware of this particular policy. In connection to this principle, it is essential for a corporation to institute a recovery system to obtain stored information. Tidying away or archiving all of the company documentation and records might be time consuming and hence make recovery process problematic. As such, it is important for them to have schemes in place to manage information stowing and repossession. They should make sure there is minimal reduplication of client statistics between for instance the customer database and accounts system. This aspects aid in managing the customer facts and conform to data p rotection decree. Conclusion Today, in the contemporary business world, more individuals are employed to collect, handle and distribute information than in any other job. Lots of computers reside the earth and numerous oodles of miles air waves, optical fiber, and wire connect individuals, their workstations as well as the immense collection of information handling expedients together. Indeed, the current the social order is undeniably an information society; an information age. The question before everybody now is whether ethical or moral issues are observed while handling this vast array of data. This is a question that ought to especially concern those corporations gathering, processing, and storing voluminous amounts of data detailing personal intricacies of their clientless. It is evident from the discussions in this paper that majority of the skirmishes encountered between organizations and the stakeholder stem from the manner the former handles the information of the latter. Therefore, it is significant f or them to observe the foremost concerns of information ethics during this information era. References Top of Form Banker, R. D., Charnes, A., Cooper, W. W. (2014). Some models for estimating technical and scale inefficiencies in data envelopment analysis.Management science,30(9), 1078-1092. Top of Form Cohen, J. E. (2009). Privacy, ideology, and technology: A response to Jeffrey Rosen.Geo. LJ,89, 2029.Bottom of Form Dunham, M. H. (2006).Data mining: Introductory and advanced topics. Pearson Education India. Ferretti, F. (2014).EU competition law, the consumer interest and data protection: The exchange of consumer information in the retail financial sector. Hellemans, J., Mortier, G., De Paepe, A., Speleman, F., Vandesompele, J. (2007). qBase relative quantification framework and software for management and automated analysis of real-time quantitative PCR data.Genome biology,8(2), R19. Kasemsap, K. (2015). The role of data mining for business intelligence in knowledge management.Integration of data mining in business intelligence systems, 12-33. Linoff, G., Berry, M. J. A. (2011).Data mining techniques: For marketing, sales, and customer relationship management. Indianapolis, IN: Wiley Pub. Lyon, D. (2003).Surveillance as social sorting: Privacy, risk, and digital discrimination. Psychology Press. Witten, I. H., Frank, E., Hall, M. A., Pal, C. J. (2016).Data Mining: Practical machine learning tools and techniques. Morgan Kaufmann. York, R., Rosa, E. A., Dietz, T. (2003). STIRPAT, IPAT and ImPACT: analytic tools for unpacking the driving forces of environmental impacts.Ecological economics,46(3), 351-365. Bottom of Form

Free essays, dissertations and coursework Essays - Education, Theses

Free essays, dissertations and coursework Our free essays, dissertations and coursework have been donated by students all over the world to help you with your studies. Browse through the collection by subject or use the search box above to look for something specific. Free essays, dissertations and coursework Our free essays, dissertations and coursework have been donated by students all over the world to help you with your studies. Browse through the collection by subject or use the search box above to look for something specific. Free essays, dissertations and coursework Our free essays, dissertations and coursework have been donated by students all over the world to help you with your studies. Browse through the collection by subject or use the search box above to look for something specific. Free essays, dissertations and coursework Our free essays, dissertations and coursework have been donated by students all over the world to help you with your studies. Browse through the collection by subject or use the search box above to look for something specific. Free essays, dissertations and coursework Our free essays, dissertations and coursework have been donated by students all over the world to help you with your studies. Browse through the collection by subject or use the search box above to look for something specific. Free essays, dissertations and coursework Our free essays, dissertations and coursework have been donated by students all over the world to help you with your studies. Browse through the collection by subject or use the search box above to look for something specific. Free essays, dissertations and coursework Our free essays, dissertations and coursework have been donated by students all over the world to help you with your studies. Browse through the collection by subject or use the search box above to look for something specific. Free essays, dissertations and coursework Our free essays, dissertations and coursework have been donated by students all over the world to help you with your studies. Browse through the collection by subject or use the search box above to look for something specific. Free essays, dissertations and coursework Our free essays, dissertations and coursework have been donated by students all over the world to help you with your studies. Browse through the collection by subject or use the search box above to look for something specific. Free essays, dissertations and coursework Our free essays, dissertations and coursework have been donated by students all over the world to help you with your studies. Browse through the collection by subject or use the search box above to look for something specific. Free essays, dissertations and coursework Our free essays, dissertations and coursework have been donated by students all over the world to help you with your studies. Browse through the collection by subject or use the search box above to look for something specific. Free essays, dissertations and coursework Our free essays, dissertations and coursework have been donated by students all over the world to help you with your studies. Browse through the collection by subject or use the search box above to look for something specific. Free essays, dissertations and coursework Our free essays, dissertations and coursework have been donated by students all over the world to help you with your studies. Browse through the collection by subject or use the search box above to look for something specific. Free essays, dissertations and coursework Our free essays, dissertations and coursework have been donated by students all over the world to help you with your studies. Browse through the collection by subject or use the search box above to look for something specific. Free essays, dissertations and coursework Our free essays, dissertations and coursework have been donated by students all over the world to help you with your studies. Browse through the collection by subject or use the search box above to look for something specific. Free essays, dissertations and coursework Our free essays, dissertations and coursework have been donated by students all over the world to help you with your studies. Browse through the collection by subject or use the search box above to look for something specific. Free essays, dissertations and coursework Our free essays, dissertations and coursework have been

Lyrics essays

Lyrics essays Controversy in the content of todays lyrics is not a new issue. It has been debated on for quite some time. There are many different views on regulations and control over what an artist should or should not say. Targeting artists for the content of their work should not be a concern of the media. Each artist has the right to speak and record what he or she wants. Todays media has targeted artists saying that young children will be corrupted by hearing the words in some of the top songs that are played on MTV. One of the biggest controversies is over the artist Eminems lyrics. Eminems multi-platinum selling albums are said to promote homophobia and violence. It has been said that Eminems lyrics will brainwash the children that listen to his lyrics into becoming violent, gay bashing, rebels that carry guns and abuse women. Yes, some of Eminems lyrics can be extreme and questionable, but isnt it the parents responsibility to monitor what their children are watching and listening to. Many say that by playing artists like Eminems videos MTV is supporting violence against homosexuals and women. Somehow these people dont seem to realize that the videos played on MTV are the clean version of the songs. These videos are edited for the content. Parents should view the videos and listen to the records that their children are experiencing. Parents should also talk to their children about what is right and wrong. The question is always asked, How do children get these records with this content? The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) labels records with controversial or offensive content explicit. Stickers are placed on album covers with the words Parental Advisory, Explicit Content. The RIAA determines what albums should have the stickers placed on them. Many record stores will not sell an al ...

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 1 (MA EDUCATION) - EVIDENCE FROM A CRITICAL Essay

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 1 (MA EDUCATION) - EVIDENCE FROM A CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF AN APPROPRIATE PUBLISHED RESARCH PAPER - Essay Example ary was a one which had an intercept, a linear growth rate term and a quadratic term (level 1) and had maternal lexical input, language and literacy skills and depression as the significant predictors (level 2). The observed variation was positively related to diversity of maternal lexical input and maternal language and literacy skills, and negatively related to maternal depression. Maternal talkativeness was not related to growth in children’s’ vocabulary production in the study sample. Finally, the authors discuss the implications of the examination of longitudinal data from this relatively large sample of low-income families. 2. Are the rates of change in children’s observed vocabulary production related to maternal communicative input, maternal education, maternal language and literacy skills, or maternal depression, controlling for child gender and birth order, maternal age, family income, and family participation in an intervention program? CES-D: The Centre for Epidemiologic Studies –Depression (CES –D; Radloff, 1977) scale, on which adults rate on a 4-point scale the frequency with which they have recently experienced 20 depressive symptoms Child Abuse Potential: An inventory was designed primarily as a screening tool for the detection of physical child abuse by protective services workers in their investigations of reported child abuse cases (Milner, 1986) CHILDES: Child Language Data Exchange System (CHILDES; MacWhinney, 2000) is a system of transcribing, coding and storing information pertaining to communication in children, notably in the form of words and gestures Early head start: A program within Head Start that promotes healthy prenatal outcomes, promotes healthy family functioning, and strengthens the development of infants and toddlers beginning as young as newborn infants. Individual growth modelling: This is a statistical method of analyzing data by fitting the data to various candidate models, represented as growth equations.

Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin and his Crimes against Humanity Essay

Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin and his Crimes against Humanity - Essay Example From the essay "Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin and his Crimes against Humanity", it is clear that the theme of perfect loyalty is one of the integral themes perpetuated through all his crimes. In 1924, only 25% of the Russian population was located in cities, the rest of the country lived in agriculture villages. Stalin realized that the power was in the hands of those who owned the land. Power meant financial gain. He set out a plan to manipulate the people in believing that he was their new god by replacing the Orthodox Church. He also demanded perfect loyalty from the kulack in the Centralization plan. When Lenin came to power in 1917, he offered territory to the peasants (kulak). It was Stalin's plan to take back the territory and rid them of all power. There are three things that bound each family: faith, the Tsar and the fatherland. Ridding each family of these three icons and creating new images would give Stalin ultimate power. Stalin banned religion, replaced icons with photos of himself. He had to change the outlook of the fatherland. He understood the power of the media. Every time he made a speech, he had it recorded on a vinyl record. He made sure each village had a gramophone and received records of each of his speeches. Villagers were impregnated with Stalin. He became their faith and their Tsar. In 1924 Russia was a poor country with an abundance of natural resources. These resources could be exchanged for technology and other goods which would assist Russia in becoming an industrialized country. Within three years of power, Stalin initiated his 5 year plan: A peasant society to a World Power. Historian John Brent from Harvard University (Man 2008) and Historian Mark Kramer from Yale University (Stalin 2007) explain the reasons backing centralization. Technology was expensive. One way to pay for it was to centralize the agricultural fields of Russia and use the goods as an export commodity. "Centralization was an answer to the Bolshevik revolution and the chaos that followed. It was rationalized that it was the only way to meet the economic and structural needs of the economy". (Gouldner 1978) The last reasoning behind centralization was the simple fact

Influences on Online Consumer Buying Behaviour

Influences on Online Consumer Buying Behaviour Among the online shoppers there are many potential online consumers with an intention to purchase, but only few finishes the buying process (Shim et al. 2001). Buyers are online consumers who really make a purchase but browsers are the online shoppers who perform to access the online stores to retrieve the details of products and services but are not in intention to purchase (Law Bai, 2008). But there are studied that clearly explain the ways to convert an online shopper of browser to an buyer (Ranaweera et al. 2008). The web pages portrayal of its ambience and reliance helps the online browser to buy or not to, only the initial purchase satisfaction and experience of convenience online can make the online consumer come back again. Oliver (1999) found that the intentions of online shoppers with repeat of purchases will help to build relationship oriented online stores leading to online consumer loyalty. Constantinides (2004) clearly stated that there few influential factors which ar e external and internal that affect the online consumption behaviour. 1.0 INFLUENTIAL ASPECTS OF ONLINE CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOUR Kotler (2003) stated the online consumers behaviour is the learning process of the online consumers online store experience, search of information, and decision making of the buying process. The figure 1 clearly depicts the influential aspects of online consumer buying behaviour which are considered to posses uncontrollable and controllable aspects. The Kotler (2003) work is further is further enhanced by the addition of controllable aspects for online store experience by Constantinides (2004). The online consumer behaviour is basically based on the whole impression of online stores portal. (Constantinides, 2004) The strike of emotions occurred and other psychological factors while shopping in the web portal results to the overall online behaviour of the consumer. The web portal expelling the weak emotions or bad experience of online store is mostly likely to lose the potential online consumer compared to that of a web portal which portrays good online shopping experience. Due to the bad experiences in online stores, the online consumers choose to shop offline and prefer offline more rather online stores for future purchases. Yang et al. (2003) found that the online consumers prefer the websites that directs them step by step procedure for purchase decision rather than online stores that just direct online buyer to products. Czinkota and Kotabe (2001) states the uncontrollable aspects of online consumers like demographics and culture is not under the control of online store marketers. Constantinides (2002) work stated the fact that the experience that takes place during online shopping between buyer and seller through virtual interaction medium has major influence compared to other aspects to influence the online consumer behaviour. Finally the major impact on online consumers purchasing behaviour is mainly influenced by content, functionality and psychological behavioural factors (Constantinides, 2004). Jayawardhena et al (2007) study proves that the factor that generally motivates the online consumer to buying process is the maximum of control over their online shopping. But study of Sun (2010) proves that the online consumers are driven to buying process on the backgrounds of relationship excellence. 1.2 CONTENT ASPECT The features and appearance of the website is referred as the content factors of ecommerce. Kotler (1984) defined the aesthetics aspect of atmospheric factor that influences the shoppers buying behaviour. The outlook and interior brightnes and feel of the brick and mortar stores adds to the buying behaviour of the consumer (Areni and Kim, 1994), whereas the online consumers prefer the online stores with great visibility and good quality. Conroy (2006) claims that the visual and aural effects of web store can create attention and attraction among the online consumers, where this claims supports the study of Areni and Kim (1994). For instance flipkart.com creates attention and attraction of online consumers in India with good appearance of webpage appearance and product reviews. Functionality aspects of web store and online consumers webpage attraction is possibly created by highlighting sensory stimuli for the web stores (Parson and Conroy, 2006). The process of converting browsers to actual buyers can take place by clearly communicating the aesthetics of web store intensions to online consumers (Wang et al. 2010). Constantinides (2004) stated the positive aspects that motivate online consumer are better tracking facilities and preferable delivery options. The need for segmenting the online consumers based on buying behaviour helps to break them in groups and target with intensions. 1.2 PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT Consumers decision making process is vastly affected by the online store experience and behaviour are the main impacts of psychological aspects (Mcguire, 1976), Most online customers tend to terminate the online purchase for the reason of trust concern (Grabner-Krà ¤uter and Kaluscha, 2003). Major online retailers created a trustful atmosphere for online consumers by providing guarantees and return policies which help to eliminate the customers anxiety over online transactions. Web store option of frequently answered questions creates a positive element to the psychological aspect of the browser or buyer while shopping online. Online purchase returns without many hindrances and dissatisfaction handling of online consumer are all the additions to motivation for purchase decision process (Constantinides, 2004). 1.3 FUNCTIONALITY ASPECT The online stores usability and interactivity are the main factors associated for aspects of functionality. These factors are involved to influence in the process of buying decision of online consumer (Constantinides, 2004). Online consumption growth for years growing but the usability is getting complicated but by providing consumers with required information it is becoming minimal effort to use online shopping compared to offline. Online consumer are also provided ordered way to search for information and process the buying decision making properly navigated with proper net functionalities (Constantinides, 2004). Convenience and saving of time is the primary goal for any online shopper but with improper web store navigation and poor quality of the web store impacts the online consumer behaviour negatively to become a browser than a buyer (Nah and Davis, 2002) 2.0 SEGMENTATION OF E-CONSUMERS Online new buyers, experienced buyers and potential buyers are the three different segmented e-consumer groups in the e-commerce industry which is derived from the study of Hernà ¡ndez-Ortega et al. (2008). Online new buyers are the segmented e-consumers who are already familiar online purchase patterns but are shopping online for better deal driven or options. Online buyers who shop frequently and are easily adapted to online shopping structure are the experienced online buyers, these consumers are the most essential for the online stores value building and experienced buyers should under track on to maintain their loyalty. The online buyers with an intension to purchase online and are even chances of repeating online shopping can be turned to potential buyers by online stores efforts (Gronroos, 2004). The segmentation of online consumers is clearly done based on their shopping patterns is to define their online consumption behaviour to target certain strategies to turn them to ret urn online stores and create a sense of loyalty. It is done only by understanding and analysing the online shopping behaviour like price sensitivity, shopping activeness, balance of orientation, convenience and brand loyalty (Jayawardhena et al. 2007). 2.1 SENSIVITY TOWARDS PRICE Online consumers behaviour based on sensitivity of price are the economic online consumers according to study of Brown et al. (2003). Consumers from this segregated group are more concerned at the value for money attitude. Price sensitivity consumers will not give any attention towards online stores convenience or time aspects. These consumers choose the best possible product/service for their investment (Vijayasarathy, 2003). Online consumers who are price sensitive are large in number compared to other segmented online consumers, basically it is believed that major number of online consumers choose online stores over offline for finding value for money products/services (Brown et al. 2003). 2.2 BALANCED IN THE ORIENTATION Darden and Ashton (1975) termed this set of online consumers as discerning buyers or balanced buyers, these consumers are require all the preferential aspects of online shopping in a balanced manner. These consumers are loyal, take time to shop but will go for the best product/service that provides the balance of all their requirements. But according to study of Jayawardhena et al. (2007) convenience is proved to play key role in defining their online shopping preference compared to other aspects, further this set of online consumers are cannot be targeted very easily as the other online consumers. 2.3 LOYALTY TOWARDS BRAND The firm online sales can be steadily maintained with this set of consumers, who are loyal to the firm resulting in purchase of only their product/service. Browser can be converted to a buyer, if the brand has the potential to create loyalty among the browsers (Dawar and parker, 1994). Well recognition of brand and brands loyalty can help to lower the online consumers trust issues and risk aspects (Huang et al. 2004). All these aspects add to the well recognised brand to posses higher amount of market share compared to that of unrecognised brand. This segment of online consumers is recognised to be moderately high in number (Jayawardhena et al. 2007). 2.4 SHOPPING ACTIVENESS Online consumers who shop online for recreation belong to the aspect of shopping activeness. Online consumers from this aspect take pleasure in online shopping even if they purchase or not. Allred et al. (2006) considers that this segment of online consumers cannot be targeted by any motivational factors, as they shop for enjoyment of shopping than just purchasing. But Brown et al. (2003) considers few strategies to impact to attract these group by promotional offers, offering sample is possible, catalogues, design of a attractive web store can all add up to push to consumer to purchase product/service rather than just shopping. This further adds that if the consumer can also enjoy the whole buying process, chances of buying is more. These segment of online consumers are least compared to other segments (Jayawardhena et al. 2007) 2.5 CONVENIENCE The segment of online consumers wants to overcome inconvenience of travelling to offline stores, escape weather conditions, and eliminate the limitation of product/service varieties (Vijayasarathy, 2003). Some other preferences adding to this group are shopping pleasure and necessity. This segment of consumers depend convenience but this group are not in large compared to price sensitive consumers (Jayawardhena et al. 2007). The study on online consumer purchase patterns and behaviours are all most similar to that of offline consumers behaviours, the major identification in this study is that online shopping is just another channel of consumption of goods or services (Jayawardhena et al. 2007). But the conclusion that online shopping and offline shopping is similar is not the right consideration, below further study is done to define differences of offline and online consumers. 3.0 OFFLINE CONSUMERS AND ONLINE CONSUMERS The fast growth of internet penetration globally created a hugs shift of consumption channels from offline to online through the platform of e-commerce (Iqbal et al. 2002). Online consumers mostly are educated, mostly young and well-off tends to opt for online shopping over the offline channel (Allred et al. 2006). The difference in offering of value among the offline and online consumers is well studied by Iqbal et al. (2002). The online consumer enjoys the value of efficiency, features, speed in traction and price. The offline consumer enjoys the value of immediate customer service, quality, tangibility and promotional offers. Online and offline shopping has its own disadvantages and advantages for its consumers. The aspects that influence the purchasing behaviour of consumers in offline and online are same, only the tools used to target the offline and online consumers differ (Constantinides, 2004). But the tools that are available for influencing online consumption are numerous b ut there are various issues associated to it, the further discussion highlights the identified issue. 4.0 LIMITATIONS OF ONLINE STORES Lepkowska-White et al. (2004) study proved that various issues of online stores creates a sense worry for online consumers, mainly the issues which arise are complication of product/service information, product delivery, security and privacy issues, limited relationship and low customer service. Despite the various issues associated with online shopping, there aspects like e-retailers core competencies (Hofacker, 2008) that drive the online success even over the external factors like culture and demographic (Quelch and Klien, 1996). Web store is a virtual store executed and created on software programmes, several flaws would arise if the software program is not well designed. Bauer et al. (2006) research stated that online stores cannot balance its consumers with good functions of online shopping and better online store experience. Online store servers response time is also main issue under online consumer trust. Online store server with fast response can build trust and server with delay over the clicks can cause worry among the consumers (Cao and Zhao, 2004). The expenses that are saved from offline store structure by the online store is equally leveraged by the effort to bring and build e-sales. The main aspects of online store limitations are further discussed. 4.1 LEGAL AND REGULATORY CONCERNS Various issues regarding legal and regulatory grounds are being faced by various online stores for its negligence of its consumers legal and regulatory concerns. Wijnholds and Little, 2001 stated that the regulatory issue are related to geographical position. Online stores have to obey and abide to the governing rules which challenge sensitive privacy issues of online consumers. There are various online stores that secretly stored the consumer shopping details to target them with appropriate strategies for instance Amazon.com, where its strategy was opposed by few governing councils like European Union, where a rule was passed out to inform consumers prior to collection of their shopping details (Simnett,1999). This rule raised concerns for e-retailers to build trust among consumers and create strategies to market. Taxation is another concern for e-retailers trading globally, where different geographical location charge different amount of tax. The online store prices have variation according to consumers geographical origin. Online stores change their web portal according to various governing rules to operate in various countries (Eaglesham and Tucker, 1999). 4.2 SECURITY AND RISK Online consumers behaviour is mainly affected by the trust issue, the whole trading process is carried out in the e-commerce industry under value of trust and privacy (Constantinides, 2004). Lot of online sales are terminated or discontinued on the transaction process due to the trust issues between buyer and seller (Grabner-Krà ¤uter and Kaluscha, 2003). There are two kinds of trust that is described by Sun (2010), affective trust and cognitive trust. Affective trust is the emotional relationship between the seller and buyer, cognitive trust deals with integrity and benevolence. Online stores with built trust among its consumers can make them feel high satisfaction, less risk, high intensity to browse the online store for new or better products/services lead to increase in online sales. There are various third-party assurances given by various government agencies (Constantinides, 2004). They are specifically termed as third party assurance (TPA), many online stores failed to effect ively communicate its third party assurance to it consumers to build trust. TPA is classified as mark of trust that certain online store is trust worthy to make a purchase decision (Kimery  and  McCord,  2006). The two aspects related to purchase making decision are relationship with the seller and online stores information of product/service. Among all the online consumers many prefer a know online store compared to unknown online store for shopping. The unknown store to attract new online consumers and retain them need to focus on web store design and core competencies and finally by building trust the online store can also attract online consumers traffic (Constantinides, 2004). Li et al. (2008) from the study it is identified that the online store from its designing stage itself has to consider the trust and privacy concerns for their consumers. 5.0 E-RETAILERS IMPLICATIONS An E-retailer effort to push the consumer to overcome the barriers to make a purchase decision is the tough task to convert a browser into a buyer for its store. Nonetheless there are various external and internal aspects that influence the online consumer during the buying process. There are various web-store plannings and online marketing strategies available to influence the consumption behaviour of online buyers (Kolesar and Galbraith, 2000; Constantinides, 2002; Allred et al. 2006). Constantinides (2002) recommended 4 fundamentals model of S (system, synergy, site and scope or strategy) of online marketing strategy. This fundamental model can improve all areas of online selling. The system aspect of the model deals with online firm administration and requirements of technology. The synergy aspect of the model deals with the integration of its functions in relation to partnerships and legal requirements. The site aspect of the model deals with design of web store to create and ma intain the satisfaction level of shopping experience among browsers and buyers. Finally the scope aspect of the model deals with researching the market information of consumer patterns to form strategies that match the online consumer behaviour that suits the core of the web store. Vijayasarathy (2003) recommends that to sales of product/services to be carried only if suitable to be carried out in ecommerce channel. Boyd (2005) further added that regular online consumer would be satisfied with basic level service provided, trust and further few aspects are discussed below. 5.1 RELATIONSHIP BUILDING AND PHYSICAL PROOF The web store atmospheric evaluation of the online consumer creates the portal impression. The web store physical proof is noted simplicity of usage and fast reply of portal to consumers requests influence the consumers level of shopping experience (Wijnholds and Little, 2001). The core competencies of web store should help them create niche among the other web stores. The web store design should appeal the consumers according to its line of products/services and satisfy their shopping experience. For instance Chanel fashion house website targets the customers with their fashion shows and display of famous models. Relationship building is an important activity to be considered by e-retailers to retain the online consumers. Building relationship is done by basic steps of obtaining feedback and providing reply with quick information (Huang and Shyu, 2009). For instance, travel websites provide online consumers with FAQs, chat sessions, quick information regarding the travel options and availabilities (Allred et al. 2006). Sun (2010) believe that the effort of the e-retailer to retain online consumer with various aspects has positive effect on online consumers behaviour. 6.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research questions are the most important aspects of this management project, In which it defines the current online consumer patterns in India and benchmarking of Indian online consumption with USA. The methodology includes the detail analysis and study in the Indian e-commerce Market with online consumers behaviour in relation to the discussion from literature review. The answer for the research problem is provided based on the related aspects that are discussed in the literature review, the case study methodology is applied for the gathering of analysis, data and the ways to form recommendations on what to do improvise the current trends. The nature of the research problem will define the choice of research method. The nature of phenomena to be researched states the research method sustainability (Morgan and Smircich, 1980). To form the basis for the research theoretical perspective is chooses as choice for methodology. Levy (2006) stated that Methodology, methods, theoretical perspective and Epistemology are the four elements of research design. 6.1 RESEARCH DESIGN: EPISTEMOLOGY The process of Epistemology is the research design that relates the knowledge and it usage and adequacy using the philosophical grounding (Levy, 2006). Constructionism and Objectivist are the two main underlined epistemology. Objectivism Constructionism Positivism Interpretivism Grounded Theory Survey One- to- one Interviews Case Study Focus Group Sampling Measurement and Scaling Figure : Research Design elements Source: (Crotty, 1998) It is discovered that if the research of objectivists is carried out in proper manner there are possibilities to find the truth. But objectivists are rejected by constructionists that there is no process discovering or finding truth. The communication with various realities of the global can only derive truth. Thus the constructionists mean that nothing is discovered but is only constructed (Levy, 2006). Above figure states the research design elements associated to quantitative and qualitative methodology. 6.2 PHILOSOPHY OF RESEARCH: THEORETICAL There are two approaches of the philosophy of research: Interpretivism and Positivist. Interpretivism posses that researchers have no access to the actual world and their awareness of the perception of the current world is significant, in which they could be understood by the usage of intrepretivist processes. Positivism is the associated to the objectivism epistemology and based on the assumption that there is ways to acquire concrete knowledge about the truth (Carson et al. 2001). Positivist is the one who considers the object and the subject or the researcher as independent and two different aspects. The knowledge that could be acquired beyond the human awareness is ascertained by positivists. These set of researchers believe human awareness about the world and the view of the objective ascertains the total view of base for the human awareness (Webber, 2004). The large number of positivists tends to analyse the history, culture, experience and so on all those that creates the research. Survey, field experiments and laboratory experiments are research methodologies available for the usage by positivists. The philosophy of research applied in this project is the internpretivism. It is believed that researchers who watch and reality they believe cannot be separated. Throughout their life their perceptions or the concept about world is brought from the flow of experiences (Weber, 2004). The awareness the interpretivists structure imitates their culture, experience, own goals, etc. Few characteristics of Interpretivist are discussed below: Researchers are motivated by episodes of concepts and approaches of qualitative measures. The focal point of research is the process of analysing the happenings under the given circumstances. Including the various concerns like individual perspectives, researcher involvement, and multiple realities. Tendency of usage towards the phenomenographic, enthographic and case studies. They are concerned to defend the acquired awareness through research process. Conclusions made by the researcher are reasonable and the research is carried in the context of researcher examination of evidences. The researcher believes that clubbing of both research process and its subjectivity an portray the steps taken to assess limitations of the subjectivity (Weber, 2004) RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Methodological approach is not only affected by the research philosophy like epistemology but it also affects the interpretivist approach. The researcher study is focused on understanding and interpretation (Carson et al, 2001) and motivated to relate personal experience and knowledge in the interpretivist framework. The conclusion is that it is based on the approach of qualitative. The study that is not made by the means of quantifications and means of statistical procedures to define the findings of the research as qualitative approach (Levy, 2006). When the main scope of the study is to construct theory with effective methodology then it is the qualitative methodology. This research involves researcher reactions and views, documents, questionnaires, interviews and observations. The qualitative methodology basis form is done by the grounded theory method. The fundamental aspect of the grounded theory model is that to discover and read the data from various series through observations through where the core points are extracted and marked (Strauss and Corbin, 1998). Research theory is grounded in association to the repeated reference of the knowledge. Interpretivist research with complex social process among people is required to carried out in solving the research problem using the grounded theory (Carson et al. 2001). RESEARCH METHODS CASE STUDY METHOD The analysis of complexity and particularity of a case or issue reaching to point of acquiring knowledge of the core circumstances (Stake, 1995). It is focus light over a certain instance (Denscombe). The investigation and study at one instance can help to define and discover details that were never discovered in any other researches. The four stages of case study work: Analysing the current situation. Which is carried out through semi structured and structured interviews. Information collection on the current and background of the circumstances. This is carried out through interviews, documentation references and observations. Gathering more precise information, through the observations, interviews and exploration of information. Analysis presentation of recommendations and observations. The progression of intensive knowledge and development of details regarding certain circumstances of a case result in formation of a case study (Saunder et al, 1997). The various questions that arise from the management project are answered by the case study. The study to analyse the effects of past issues, current issues and its influences on the organisational units is the basic approach of case study (Jankowicz, 2005). According to Yin (1984) case study analysis has four core issues that are external validity, construct validity, internal validity and reliability. A concern that creates issue in the operations of the analysis, where the data collected is repeated with similar results is the reliability issue. Establishment of relationships that are important for the comparison of research methods like survey is considered by the internal validity. To control the chances of researcher misinterprets the information and end up with wrong recommendation and conclusions are controlled by construction validity which employs correct methods. The study conclusions that are comprehensive are concerns that are established by external validity. There are various concerns that arise case study approach, those are rigour, reliability, validity, time and information overload, subjective bias and generalisation (Burns, 2000). The various issues are considered and case study approach is applied based on highlighting the concerns. 7.0 INDIAN ONLINE CONSUMPTION BEHAVIOUR 7.1 BACKGROUND 7.2 CURRENT ONLINE CONSUMPTION PATTERNS IN INDIA Traditional Indian retail consumption of touch and buy is changing to click and buy. But the online consumers in India are not really buying the concept of online shopping in the present scenario of nascent ecommerce. (http://www.juxtconsult.com/Reports/Juxt_India_Online_2009_Main_Report.pdf) From the report of Juxconsult online shoppers in India for 2009 are 9 million with 3.5 million are buyers and remaining are the internet consumers who search but do not prefer online stores are browsers. TRAVEL SECTOR The major Indian online consumption comes from the worlds second largest rail network one that caters to 13 million passengers every day, the network that has been the back bone of Indian economy for more than a hundred and fifty years. When the Indian railways launched its online bookings in 2005 everyone expected it to be a success but no one guessed how big the portal would grow to be. Currently Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation (IRCTC) portal leads Indias e-commerce market (http://www.irctc.com/annual_report.html). In April 2010 IRCTC reported that it registered 9 million transactions (http://www.pluggd.in/irctc-transactions-tickets-sold-worth-6-billion-april-2009-297/) and it is the top e-governance project executed in India. IRCTC web portal also started its service of air ticketing thats because the Indian middle class have been actively logging in to buy air tickets online in the past few years. The travel vertical accounts for 80% e-commerce in India. These are the various reasons travel sector is one of the most successful e-commerce verticals in the country. The travel sector e-commerce is quick transaction process for online consumer. The relationship of travel sector and e-commerce in India is becoming stronger in days time. Travel sector e-commerce is a fixed business model with low certain margins, experience air travel and global economic downturn meant that the travel e-commerce need to face the loses, thats when the travel portals choose to diversify their interests like value added services like hotel bookings, car rentals, bus and rail tickets. From travel to classified the next most successful vertical CLASSIFIEDS SECTOR The classifieds sector is divided into many markets but matrimony, jobs and real estates forms the major share of the sector. Among them in terms of revenue matrimony is the largest because matrimony is largest as it is fixed subscription business model. Blending tradition with the new age technology this portals essentially charge a subscription fee to allow a user to post and search profiles on their account, Apart from this these portals make revenue through match-making schemes and online ads. Indian online consumers prefer these organised matrimonial services because of the pressure to get married and few their opportunities to meet potential partners. For the job segment portals are making huge revenue with recruitment and personnel services, traffic grow frequently by 30% every few months. The 60% of job recruitments in India are don

Virgil and Petroneous

Essay 1 How much can a civilization change in under a year? The Roman Civilization changed drastically in roughly one hundred years in the way they view many aspects of their life, including the role of women and the role of the gods in their life. In Virgil’s The Aeneid, he has presented Rome as superior to Greece, being written at the time of Augustus; The Aeneid was used as propaganda for the Romans to make them feel superior after the Trojan War.Petronius wrote about Rome during the reign of Nero, in his novel, it is apparent that by the time Epicureanism had gotten to Rome, they had taken it and formed a twisted version of just how extreme they took Hedonism; as exemplified in Dinner With Trimalchio from the novel The Satyricon. The two authors Virgil and Petronius have described Roman civilization under their perspective through their novels and have not only made contrasts, but comparisons as well in commonly seen themes such as the role of the gods in their everyday li fe and the role of women. T) Although they are roughly a hundred years apart, Virgil's novel, The Aeneid, has presented a very different approach to Rome and its civilization compared to Petronius’ novel, The Satyricon. I think this civilization experienced the drastic shift that it did because of the ruler they had at the moment. The Aeneid was written under the reign of Augustus, who was interested in bettering Rome and its people as seen with his Pax Romana and the construction of roads.The people during the reign of Augustus were very rational and were not fearful of the gods but rather believed that they were in charge of their own fate, thus making them â€Å"better† than the Greeks. The Satyricon was written under the reign of Nero, who had very twisted morals due to the lack of philosophy when he was younger. Nero was very cruel and hedonistic, he did not just live for simple pleasure, he lived for extreme pleasure as seen when he literally built himself a plea sure palace while the entire city was dying of hunger and were homeless.The story Dinner With Trimalchio exemplifies how hedonism and Nero’s â€Å"morals† have affected the rich as well. In Dinner With Trimalchio, not only are they living very hedonistic, but the gods are practically nonexistent, while in the story of The Aeneid, they’re there, they’re just portrayed as cruel and not very helpful or necessary, thus leaving them to their own fate. Virgil portrayed Rome as very rational and nondependent of the gods, while Petronius portrayed Rome as hedonistic with a lack of morals and a loss of the gods.A commonly seen theme in both The Aeneid and The Satyricon is the role of the gods. In the Aeneid, as previously mentioned, the gods are perceived as cruel and violent. One instant of this can be seen in Book 2 of the Aeneid when Minerva sent serpents to kill Laoco? n because he not only disobeyed her but he also disrespected her. Minerva sent two serpents to kill him and his sons. She had the serpents kill his sons before his eyes then kill him slowly and painfully. This portrays the gods as cruel and violent.The gods are portrayed as much more violent when compared to The Iliad by Homer in book 22 when Athena is sent down to fasten things up between Achilles and Hector and talk to both of them to ultimately have Hector killed by Achilles. Virgil is making a point that the gods are cruel. Minerva made Laoco? n a cautionary tale to not mess with her or she will not only kill you, but your bloodline as well. Another instance can be seen when Hector appears to Aeneas in a dream and his body is completely disheveled and destroyed. His body is shown the way it would have been should he not have been taken care of Apollo; â€Å"†¦How he looked, how different from that Hector Who returned to Troy wearing Achilles’ armor†¦ † The Aeneid Book 2 line 325-326. This makes the Greeks look bad because not only did Apollo not keep his promise that he would watch over his body, but the Greeks do not have any battle chivalry and dragged his body from his ankles. Virgil has depicted the gods in the Aeneid as cruel and violent. The role of the gods can also be seen in Dinner With Trimalchio, however, they’re not shown as cruel, but instead they are basically nonexistent.One instance can be seen in the poem that Trimalchio recites, â€Å"Nothing but bones, that’s what we are, Death hustles us humans away, Today we’re here and tomorrow we’re not, so live and drink while you may! † page 45. This portrayed the cultural mindset of the people. They believed they were atomic and when they died, they merely fell apart and did not have an afterlife, therefor, they lived life with no regrets and lived for pleasure, the gods were nonextixtant therefore they would not get punished for whatever â€Å"sin† they committed.Another instance can be seen on page 52, â€Å"Oh no, weâ €™re big lions are home, but scared foxes in public†. This meaning that the people and the government and how corrupt it is because of their lack of the gods. If the people had gods, they would not be so corrupt and would obey them and have a better government not ruled solely by Nero, the reckless emperor. The people were still somewhat fearful of the gods and the government, but more because they knew they were lacking their fate. Another theme that is commonly seen in both The Satyricon and The Aeneid is the role of women.A specific instance of the role of women can be seen in Dinner With Trimalchio when Trimalchio, being half drunk, tells his guests that they should ask his wife, Fortunata to dance on the table for everyone to entertain them, but when he does so, she leans over to him and whispers something in his ear and he immediately shuts up, â€Å"He was just about to get up on the table when Fortunata went and whispered something in his ear, probably a warning t hat theses drunken capers were undignified.Never was a man so changeable; sometimes he would bow down to Fortunata in anything she asked at other times, as now, he went his war. † Page 59-60. This shows that Fortunata has power over Trimalchio and he will do whatever she orders him to do. Another instance can be seen when Enculpias is asking about Fortunata and someone describes her. â€Å"If she told him at noon it was night, he’d crawl into bed. † Fortunata obviously has a lot of power over Trimalchio and can convince him about anything. She has power over him, even though she is only wealthy though him, she holds power over him.The role of women can also be seen in Virgil’s The Aeneid when Aeneus tries to kill Helen because he believes that Helen was the reason why the Trojan War begun, â€Å"My soul flared with a burning desire To avenge Try and make her pay for her sins. † Line 673-674 pages 46. Although Aeneus wants to kill her, his mother, Ve nus has come down to stop him from killing her because it is not the right thing to do. She mentions his father and everything he did and told him that it is not the fault of Helen, but of the gods.This shows how much of an impact his mother can make on Aeneus because should she not have intervened he would have killed Helen. Another example of the role of women in The Aeneid can be seen in Book 2 when Minerva has Laoco? n killed because he was being disrespectful. â€Å"For if you lay violent hands Upon this offering to Minerva, Destruction will fall†¦ † lines 226-228. Minerva was a goddess to be feared of rather than only the male gods. She was obviously very powerful and very influential to the people. The women portrayed in The Aeneid and The Satyricon are both very influential and very powerful.The parallels between Contemporary American Society and Imperial Rome can be seen in the constant flux of the mindsets of the people in America. Similar to that of Rome, in a couple hundred of years, religion has changed a lot from being present, to being vaguely there. For example, Christianity was the biggest and most widespread religion 19th century while now, although it is still very widespread and very popular, there are many more religions such as Buddhism and Judaism. However, there was never a time where God was simply not there in American society such as in the time of Nero.Similar to the Romans, women have great influences and power now such as Fortunata had on Trimalchio and Minerva over not only Laoco? n, but the people of Rome as well. Women such as Michelle Obama and Hillary Clinton have grand power in American society. Michelle has help many fundraisers and is in charge of many charities and organizations and Hillary Clinton, being the Secretary of State can one day even become the first female president. This tells us that we have adopted and adapted the Roman’s views on many things that have ultimately become very influential i n our society.

‘Of Mice and Men’ †Are all the characters in this novel lonely? Essay

‘Of Mice and Men’ is set in California during the mid 1930s. Before 1930 people in California used to live together happily as families and used to lead a relatively normal life, however in 1929 the collapse of the New York stock market meant that one and a half million people became unemployed rising to three million by 1930 – this was called the ‘Wall Street Crash’. This depression made caused families to break up as many people (mainly men) to go elsewhere to find work and earn a living. Consequently there was a breakdown in American society. Steinbeck worked briefly as a ranch worker himself and most of his early books, including ‘Of Mice and Men’, were concerned with social issues of the day. Steinbeck was a realist and in his novels he presents the poor and disadvantaged sympathetically. His work made him unpopular with exploitative employers and landowners whom he held responsible for perpetuating the cycle of poverty and deprivation created by the ‘Depression’. The novel was very successful in explaining the needs of people who are lonely and maybe have no friends or family. It also looks at the need to have a friend or dream to support you through life. The different relationships and characters in the novel represent loneliness and realism with nearly every person holding a dream. The first couple we come across in this novel is George and Lennie; these two friends travel together and are very close, they have each other. Lennie is mentally handicapped and relies very much on George to make decisions for him. George however is stronger mentally and has a lot of power over Lennie although he relies on Lennie to keep him company and safe. â€Å"They had walked in single file down the path, and even in the open one stayed behind the other†, this quotation represents the power within their relationship; George is the leader and has psychological control over Lennie. Their friendship is like a father and son relationship, George dominates Lennie and sometimes teaches him a lesson â€Å"You never oughta drink water when it ain’t running, Lennie†, but is still always nice to him â€Å"Good boy†. George grows close to Lennie despite the trouble Lennie’s innocence and strength brings on them both. George is Lennies defender-protecting him from others and himself. Ironically in the first chapter George explains that he could â€Å"get along so easy and so nice if I didn’t have you on my tail. I could live so easy and maybe have a girl†, he describes the stress and annoyance of having to look after Lennie. Ironically George explains he wants this but when he is forced to shoot Lennie in the final chapter he becomes lonely. George shoots Lennie when they are at their closest time yet, he describes to Lennie their dream that he loves to hear; the dream comforts Lennie like a bedtime story. This dream eventually dies with Lennie and is the biggest sacrifice George has to make – killing his own company and the person he loves most. This shows John Steinbeck’s realistic approach to this novel; people’s lives don’t always live happily ever after and many dreams don’t always become a reality, especially not in the 1930s. Candy is an old disabled â€Å"swamper† on the ranch. He lost his right hand in a farm accident and now is reduced to worst job on the ranch; a cleaner. He has lost control of his life and is devoted to his dog. His dog is his only friend and when this dog dies we see he is human with emotions, and these people are worthy of respect. When Candy’s ancient, ill dog was shot, Candy has nothing left. He delayed killing the dog, even though he knew deep down that it was the best thing, as he dreaded losing his long-time companion. Candy after having nothing in life to live for, decides to join George and Lennie in their dream, his funds would make the dream possible. Candy and his dog’s relationship is parallel to the one with George and Lennie’s; George relies on Lennie, Lennie relies on George and Candy and his dog rely on each other too. Their relationship also foreshadows George and Lennie’s – Candy regrets not shooting his dog himself, â€Å"I ought to of let no stranger shoot my dog†, this is foreshadowing the end of the novel where George knows he had to shoot Lennie. They both lost their loved ones. Curley (the boss’s son) and his wife do not get on very well; Curley only has a wife for power and for him to look successful in life. Curley’s wife is married to a man she doesn’t love and who doesn’t love her. She has very little respect of Curley â€Å"I’d like to bust him up myself†, and only marries him to get back at her mother for not letting her fulfil her dream to become a movie star which someone had promised her in the past â€Å"An’ a guy tol’ me he could put me in pitchers†¦..Says I was a natural†. As soon as the reader meets Curley’s wife they get a very bad impression of her, â€Å"†¦the rectangle of sunshine in the doorway was cut off†, this is both literal and metaphorical foreshadowing; she is cutting off the light in the door so all of the men look up to her, it is metaphorical foreshadowing giving the impression that she is trouble. This means that throughout the novel she is disliked by the reader causing her to be even lonelier. By marrying Curley she has become very isolated becoming the only woman on the ranch; she turns to outsiders for attention and tries to befriend the men by hanging round the bunkhouse. Curley’s wife is just like Lennie, Crooks and Candy as they have been left behind on a Saturday night- the rejects on the ranch. Curley’s wife has no friends and even admits to being lonely seeing that she is not really looking for Curley; she just wants to talk with someone â€Å"Think I don’t know where they all went? Even Curley. I know where they all went.† But although being forlorn she still has a lot of power over the other ranch workers being the boss’ son’s wife, we see this power when she reminds Crooks of how much authority she has over him â€Å"I could get you strung up on a tree so easy it ain’t even funny†; she exercises her power threatening Crooks with death. Like Candy, being a social outcast, Crooks is the loneliest person on the ranch. Crooks lives in enforced solitude, away from the other men. He is bitter about being a back-busted â€Å"nigger†. He is racially discriminated against being referred to as a â€Å"nigger†; people also have no respect for him because of him being black and consequently lives in the barn by himself. He cannot get away from this prejudice as not other ranch would take him for the reason that he is black, crippled and old. Steinbeck describes his barn (the place where he lives and spends most of his time): â€Å"for being alone, Crooks could leave his things about†. Crooks is extremely lonely, all he has is books and his rights; he believes that every human being should have his rights whichever race they may be. When Lennie joins Crooks in this barn, Crooks starts to tease him, this is the only time he has power over someone and is in control. He can make Lennie afraid as he does not understand, Crooks makes Lennie feel like he does now even though Lennie has done nothing wrong â€Å"S’pose you didn’t have nobody†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦S’pose George don’t come back no more† Lennie is terrified of being alone and is helpless without George. Crooks is very twisted due to his loneliness; â€Å"Books ain’t no good. A guy needs somebody – to be near him†¦A guy goes nuts if he ain’t got nobody†, but is very pleased when Lennie and Candy join him in his barn â€Å"It was difficult for Crooks to conceal his pleasure with anger†. All through the novel Crooks has a dream of being seen as equal to everyone else. He knows his civil rights and remembers fondly his childhood, when he played with white children who came to his family’s chicken ranch. Crooks longs for a similar relationship with white people again. He dismisses the fact that George, Lennie’s and Candy’s dream will come true â€Å"I see hundreds of men come by on the road an’ on the ranches with bindles on their back an’ that same damn thing in their heads. Hundreds of them†¦nobody never gets no land. It’s just in their head.’ But when Candy explains that they’ve got the money ready and that they are very enthusiastic about achieving this dream then Crooks gets interested â€Å"If you†¦.guys would want a hand to work for nothing-just his keep, why I’d come an’ lend a hand.† A new friendship is just about to develop but Curley’s wife then enters and diverts all attention to her, putting an end to Crooks’ new friendship and dream. John Steinbeck is a realist and illustrates his views in the novel ‘Of Mice and Men’. The different character’s lifestyles and personalities in this novel represent what existence was like in the 1930s after the Wall Street Crash. Steinbeck supported social justice and equality for the working classes and so uses realism in his writing. He shows ordinary, everyday details, and makes characters speak and behave as they might do in real life. We see this particularly in how his characters are revealed through dialogue â€Å"She had full, rouged lips and wide spaced eyes, heavily made up. Her finger-nails were red. Her hair hung up in little rolled clusters, like sausages†. In his use of realism he portrays a sense of fate; whatever the characters do they are at the mercy of outside influences beyond their control, so attempts to improve their lives will fail. We see this use of realism in George and Lennie’s dream; the couple have done nothing wrong but the injustice of outside causes prevents them from holding on to this dream. Not all the characters are throughout this novel but all of them come about to be lonely at the end; George and Lennie have each other with the dream of starting a new life in a little cottage of their own, we only know till the very end that this dream can no longer take place with the loss of Lennie and therefore causing George to be lonely. Curley and his wife have each other even though not really speaking to each other much, Curely’s wife could be considered lonely as the reader never sees her with Curley but always hanging around looking to talk to someone. Candy did have his dog to rely on and to trust but when he died then he soon found himself becoming lonely and looking to others for attention and Crooks was also lonely throughout the novel being racially discriminated against by all other ranch workers; he was an outsider. Characters on the ranch in this novel are lonely and hold a dream to keep themselves calm and for something to hold onto, seeing that they have no friends they need to look to something to keep them happy and sane. Steinbeck worked on a ranch within the 1930s and must have seen how ranch workers behaved and how lonely they can feel. He has been in a position of a ranch worker and has expressed his feeling of loneliness and dream worthy within this novel, his realism has caused nearly all characters to be lonely at the end of the novel.